Has China Won?
Mahbubani delves into China's emergence as a major player in international trade and investment, highlighting its expanding influence through initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative. He examines the Chinese Communist Party's governance model and its unique characteristics, comparing it to liberal democratic systems and assessing its ability to deliver economic growth while maintaining social stability.
Another crucial aspect discussed in the book is China's military and technological advancements. Mahbubani evaluates China's modernisation efforts and its increasing military capabilities. He also delves into China's investments in cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence and 5G, exploring the potential implications of these advancements for global power dynamics.
The concept of soft power and influence is also a focal point of the book. Mahbubani analyses China's efforts to enhance its soft power through cultural diplomacy and media influence. He examines China's global infrastructure projects, particularly in developing countries, and their impact on shaping China's influence on the global stage. Furthermore, the book explores China's engagement in international organisations like the United Nations and its efforts to reshape global governance.
While acknowledging China's rise, Mahbubani also discusses the challenges and limitations the country faces. He highlights domestic issues such as income inequality, environmental degradation, and demographic challenges that could potentially hinder China's continued growth. Additionally, he addresses international concerns related to China's assertiveness in territorial disputes and human rights issues.
A significant portion of the book is dedicated to examining the geopolitical rivalry between China and the United States. Mahbubani compares China's rise with the United States' position as a global superpower, exploring the implications of their competition on the future world order. He evaluates the potential outcomes and the complex dynamics that shape the China-U.S. relationship.